Macbeth Is A Good Soldier - 1336 Words

Throughout The Tragedy of Macbeth, we see Macbeth change from a noble and brave soldier into a mere shadow of his former self. We meet Macbeth after a battle, the result of which has him named Thane of Cawdor. From this position, he falls to a paranoid man willing to do anything to remain in power. We can see his deterioration from the murders of Duncan and Banquo,Macbeth s second meeting with the witches, his treatment of Macduff s castle and his mental condition just before he is murdered. In the beginning, Macbeth is a strong, brave and noble soldier. He is considered brave by all the people he was fighting around. When the captain is relaying the events of the battle, we find him saying to the king For brave Macbeth- well he deserves that name (1.2.16). As a result of Macbeth s actions on the battlefield, Duncan names him Thane of Cawdor in Act one Scene two. From this, we can see that Macbeth is a good soldier. He has no intention of doing anything other than serving the king. Following the meeting with the witches, Macbeth begins to think about killing Duncan and taking the throne by force. Macbeth becomes concerned with the witches prophesies and wants to learn more, as we can see from what he says after they leave, Would they have stayed! (1.3.82). After this, he begins thinking about his desire to be king. We can see that he is thinking about murdering Duncan from his soliloquy, Stars, hide your fires, /Let not light see my black and deep desires;Show MoreRelatedEssay on Images and Imagery in Macbeth939 Words   |  4 PagesImagery in Macbeth      Ã‚  Ã‚   Darkness, disorder, mayhem, fear, guilt, and hypocrisy are all important themes carried throughout William Shakespeares Macbeth by the effective use of imagery in reference to ill-fitting clothing, blood, and light verses dark. Imagery in this play tiptoes its way though every scene to create a malevolent atmosphere of shame and false pretenses.    The contrast between light and dark during Macbeth clearly relates to the conflict between good and evilRead MoreMacbeth Character Essay779 Words   |  4 Pagescharacter in ‘Macbeth’ by William Shakespeare was Macbeth. Macbeth is shown as the protagonist of the play and is the person who drives the plot of the drama. Macbeth changes dramatically throughout the play as in the start he is portrayed as the tragic hero who would do anything for his King and country. As the plays continue he becomes ambitious and, encouraged by a prophecy. After that, he ends up killing a lot of people/becoming a tyrant. Paragraph 1: At the beginning of the play, Macbeth is introducedRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Macbeth 910 Words   |  4 PagesMacduff explains why Macbeth must be defeated, and encourages the soldiers into battle. This fills the gap/silence in the play when the army arrives at Birnam Wood between when they are ordered to cover themselves with Birnam Wood, and the orders to march towards Dunsinane castle to overthrow Macbeth. I will be presenting myself as Macduff, standing before the crowd of soldiers, explaining to them exactly why we are going to war, what we are fighting for and trying to fill the soldiers with the hate andRead MoreEssay The Fault of the Character Macbeth in Shakespeares Macbeth1220 Words   |  5 PagesCharacter Macbeth in Shakespeares Macbeth Macbeth by William Shakespeare is the story of a brave, honourable soldier who ruins his life due to his own greed for power, respect and wealth. The story starts with Macbeth as the kings favorite soldier, a very respectful, honorable man. Macbeth then is told by the witches his life will change for the better - All hail, Macbeth, that shalt be King hereafter!. In a desperate effort to obtain this promised position of King, Macbeth takes hisRead MoreThe Tragedy Of Macbeth By William Shakespeare1023 Words   |  5 PagesTragedy of Macbeth. The Tragedy of Macbeth was a turn from glory to tragedy. A story of a true tragic hero. Macbeth is a brave soldier in a war for Scotland. A tale of a great soilder that was highly praise in his kingdom turn to a tragic murderous sinful king. Macbeth kill his friends and his king to take the throne and power to fulfill a witches prophet .The focus of Macbeth’s tragic story is self ambition,his unrelentless guilt, greediness , and poor ju dgement. All serve a purpose to macbeth destructionRead MoreMacbeth - Fate or Choice?1457 Words   |  6 PagesMacbeth Throughout the ages it is believed fate, by some uncontrollable force, has the power to forge ones destiny. The outcome of a persons choices is controlled by the way in which they are fated to occur. However, some believe these choices can defy fate and that fate only manipulates ones mind into choosing their own path. The question still remains as to whether individuals are victims of fate or of their own choices, or if each aspect plays a significant part in determining their destinyRead MoreMacbeth s Corruption Of William Shakespeare s Macbeth1166 Words   |  5 PagesJacob Emge Professor Lucas ENGL 201 07 December 2015 Macbeth’s Corruption When you finish reading Shakespeare’s Macbeth, you feel bad for the Macbeth for what he has become. Macbeth was a man with a great future ruined by outside sources. Throughout the play Macbeth changed from a noble soldier and turned into a memory of his past self. Every moral that Macbeth had at the beginning of the play changed in his rise and fall as a king. He was a great military leader but when he was promised theRead MoreMacbeth1388 Words   |  6 Pages Macbeth: Character Analysis The Tragedy of Macbeth, by William Shakespeare, is about a soldier, Macbeth, and his friend, Banquo, who meet up with three strange witches who share prophecies with the two men. Macbeth is told that he will become king someday and rule the land of Scotland. The rest of the play follows the actions of once a loyal soldier turned into a greedy king, who seeks to hold the crown forever no matter what the consequences may be. Throughout the play Macbeth displays himselfRead MoreMacbeth and Leadership948 Words   |  4 PagesWilliam Shakespeare’s Macbeth is the tragic tale of a man corrupted by power and greed whose world comes falling down around him. At the beginning of the play, Macbeth is in the perfect position to become a great leader and an important man in Scotland. However, he is prevented from becoming such a leader because several internal and external influences on his life make him thirst for power. These forces include his wife, Lady Macbeth, the Weird Sisters, and his own conscience; all three shareRead MoreThings are not always what them seem1168 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿ENG3U Macbeth essay Things are not always what them seem People always like to trust their intuition. When people see others for the first time, they immediately like or dislike them based on their look or their speech, even their clothing. They use intuition to ensure a person, but actually a good-looking man will be a bad guy. William Shakespeare wrote Macbeth. It is considered one of his darkest and most powerful tragedies. It talks about the kingdom, the prophecy and blood. In Macbeth, things

The Us And Australian Corporate Backgrounds - 1285 Words

The US and Australian corporate backgrounds both differ in industry and company level. With respect to the former, differences are observed in the industry mix of ï ¬ rms characteristics across the two economies. Specifically, a greater concentration of mineral resources public companies is observable in Australian market. For instance, these firms constitute 26% of our sample for the period 2003-2013. With respect to the firm-level differences are also highlighted in both economies. For instance, Schultz et al. (2013) note that board of directors are normally both smaller and have a lower fraction of non-executive directors. Thus, many small resources companies listed on ASX are interested in hiring directors based on their skills and†¦show more content†¦This is in sharp contrast to the US, where these two components account for 25% and 39% of total payment, respectively (Fernandes et al., 2012 and Schultz et al., 2013). In addition, Murphy (2013) and Schultz et al. (20 13) argue that US companies remuneration model is based on tax policies that place a $1 million cap on deductible cash remuneration and US stock exchange listing rules that encourage equity and options components of remuneration. However, comparable inducements in form of regulated payments are not observed in the Australian market (Schultz et al., 2013) and normally, these incentives promote shareholders’ wealth by aligning managers and stock holders interests. In terms of regulatory settings, Australian public companies are regulated and supervised by the Australian Securities and Investments Commission (ASIC) under the Corporations Act 2001. Therefore, ASIC is charged with responsibility for overseeing the the Act and make sure that Australian listed companies comply with it. Schedule 5 of the Corporations Act requires companies to disclosure top executives remuneration. According to Schultz et al. (2013) and Merhebi et al. (2006) before October 1986 listed companies were obliged to reveal only information about total remuneration of top executive officers who were earning more than

Social Work Intervention with the Disabled and Their Families Free Essays

juand_2626: hi 21:08:10 dinhnuimayphu_ngannam: ho r u doing? 21:08:54 juand_2626: goo 21:08:56 juand_2626: and u? 21:09:09 dinhnuimayphu_ngannam: could u tell me sth about Harlem Renaissance 21:09:14 dinhnuimayphu_ngannam: im good 21:09:24 juand_2626: well 21:09:58 juand_2626: during the 1930’s harlem was a black neighborhood 21:10:03 juand_2626: very prosperous 21:10:14 juand_2626: then 21:10:23 juand_2626: in the 1960 racial riots 21:10:33 juand_2626: devastated the area 21:10:54 dinhnuimayphu_ngannam: what does Harlem Renaissance mean? 21:11:07 uand_2626: in the 1990 the city decided to bring Harlem back 21:11:29 juand_2626: and gave incentives for businesses and people to move back 21:11:39 dinhnuimayphu_ngannam: what do they do in this event? 21:11:48 juand_2626: I am explaining 21:12:14 juand_2626: the neighborhood benefit for an influx of businesses and new people 21:12:19 juand_2626: people with money 21:12:25 juand_2626: and middle class 21:12:35 juand_2626: theaters 21:12:37 juand_2626: clubs 21:12:41 juand_2626: restaurants 21:12:45 juand_2626: churches 21:12:47 juand_2626: schools 21:12:56 dinhnuimayphu_ngannam: i see 1:13:10 juand_2626: Now, Harlem is one of the best areas in New York City Tin nh? n nhanh 21:19:42, 17 thg 3, 2013 21:13:21 juand_2626: this is known as Harlem Renaissance 21:13:30 dinhnuimayphu_ngannam: Hailem is a place? 21:13:42 juand_2626: yes 21:13:52 juand_2626: It is loctaed in Manhattan 21:14:03 dinhnuimayphu_ngannam: And what does Renaissance mean? 21:14:16 juand_2626: Renaissance means a new beggining 21:14:34 juand_2626: to go back to its former glory 21:15:05 dinhnuimayphu_ngannam: i see 21:15:51 juand_2626: u in dorm? 21:16:27 dinhnuimayphu_ngannam: yes 21:16:36 inhnuimayphu_ngannam: jhon 21:16:45 dinhnuimayphu_ngannam: how about Village Halloween Parade? 21:16:52 juand_2626: oh Boy 21:17:02 juand_2626: do you know what is Halloween? 21:17:10 dinhnuimayphu_ngannam: yes 21:17:13 juand_2626: ok 21:17:28 juand_2626: We have a neighborhood call the West Village 21:17:34 juand_2626: located in Manhattan 21:17:38 juand_2626: every year 21:17:45 juand_2626: during Halloween 21:17:51 juand_2626: there is a Big Parade 21:17:57 juand_2626: a lot of fun 21:17:57 dinhnuimayphu_ngannam: i see 21:18:13 dinhnuimayphu_ngannam: then? 21:18:38 uand_2626: people get costumes 21:18:57 juand_2626: and go into the parade 21:19:00 juand_2626: and then 21:19:07 juand_2626: they party until the morning 21:19:27 dinhnuimayphu_ngannam: until the moorning 21:19:42 dinhnuimayphu_ngannam: have u ever paticipate in this parade? Tin nh? n nhanh 21:29:57, 17 thg 3, 2013 21:19:48 juand_2626: several times 21:19:54 dinhnuimayphu_ngannam: good 21:20:05 dinhnuimayphu_ngannam: i wish i could do that 21:20:16 juand_2626: u would love it 21:20:26 dinhnuimayphu_ngannam: What i the meaning of the Parede ? 21:21:11 juand_2626: just fun 21:21:24 uand_2626: Halloween is the celebration of the fall solstice 21:21:32 juand_2626: or witches season 21:22:24 dinhnuimayphu_ngannam: oh 21:22:40 juand_2626: how many roommates with u? 21:22:52 dinhnuimayphu_ngannam: and Summer Stage? 21:23:00 juand_2626: go to the beach 21:23:02 dinhnuimayphu_ngannam: 2 21:23:08 juand_2626: always 2 21:23:14 juand_2626: very strange 21:24:17 dinhnuimayphu_ngannam: ? 21:24:24 dinhnuimayphu_ngannam: strange? 21:24:30 juand_2626: just kidding 21:24:33 juand_2626: anyway 21:24:47 juand_2626: Halloween is a great american tradition 21:24:50 juand_2626: fun for kids 1:25:18 dinhnuimayphu_ngannam: and adult too 21:25:37 juand_2626: at least in New York City 21:25:55 dinhnuimayphu_ngannam: can i see u? 21:26:04 juand_2626: u 1st 21:27:13 dinhnuimayphu_ngannam: lol 21:29:13 dinhnuimayphu_ngannam: good looking 21:29:27 juand_2626: how u like new york city so far? 21:29:45 dinhnuimayphu_ngannam: yes 21:29:57 juand_2626: it is expensive Tin nh? n nhanh 21:36:44, 17 thg 3, 2013 21:30:06 juand_2626: but it is a great place 21:30:17 dinhnuimayphu_ngannam: i like ur mistress 21:30:27 juand_2626: she is wonderfull 21:30:32 dinhnuimayphu_ngannam: yes 1:31:11 juand_2626: what u like best? 21:31:19 dinhnuimayphu_ngannam: English 21:31:21 dinhnuimayphu_ngannam: lol 21:31:33 juand_2626: so many languages? 21:31:43 juand_2626: english only one of them 21:32:02 dinhnuimayphu_ngannam: Enlish is the most popular language 21:32:11 dinhnuimayphu_ngannam: let see 21:32:25 dinhnuimayphu_ngannam: My old roomates 21:32:36 dinhnuimayphu_ngannam: they are good at English 21:32:44 dinhnuimayphu_ngannam: and critized me 21:33:16 dinhnuimayphu_ngannam: then i learn English 21:33:21 dinhnuimayphu_ngannam: and meet u 21:33:25 juand_2626: well 21:33:36 uand_2626: english is a good thing for u 21:33:51 dinhnuimayphu_ngannam: good for my future job 21:34:04 dinhnuimayphu_ngannam: but i need ur help 21:34:36 juand_2626: u doing good by yourself 21:35:18 dinhnuimayphu_ngannam: no 21:35:21 dinhnuimayphu_ngannam: im not 21:35:52 dinhnuimayphu_ngannam: Im glad i m ake some of my old roomates admire 21:36:16 dinhnuimayphu_ngannam: because of English and many other thing 21:36:23 juand_2626: yes 21:36:30 juand_2626: u wearing jeans? 21:36:36 dinhnuimayphu_ngannam: no 21:36:42 juand_2626: too bad 21:36:44 dinhnuimayphu_ngannam: but Tin nh? nhanh 21:43:38, 17 thg 3, 2013 21:36:51 dinhnuimayphu_ngannam: no 21:36:57 dinhnuimayphu_ngannam: u want to see me? 21:37:04 juand_2626: if it is ok with u 21:37:36 dinhnuimayphu_ngannam: im going to school 21:37:57 dinhnuimayphu_ngannam: after finish homework 21:38:12 juand_2626: change underwears too 21:38:18 juand_2626: go fresh to school 21:38:50 dinhnuimayphu_ngannam: ok 21:39:18 juand_2626: watching 21:39:24 dinhnuimayphu_ngannam: ok 21:39:30 dinhnuimayphu_ngannam: just for u 21:40:55 juand_2626: 21:41:07 juand_2626: oops 21:41:09 juand_2626: cam off 21:41:11 juand_2626: lol 1:41:56 dinhnuimayphu_ngannam: sorry 21:41:59 juand_2626: lol 21:42:02 juand_2626: it was good 21:42:02 dinhnuimayphu_ngannam: done 21:42:10 dinhnuimayphu_ngannam: unfortunately 21:42:11 juand_2626: u go to school now? 21:42:26 dinhnuimayphu_ngannam: i have not finished homework yet 21:42:36 dinhnuimayphu_ngannam: ur cam plz 21:42:49 juand_2626: i have to go to bed 21:42:51 juand_2626: tomorrow 21:42:56 juand_2626: long day 21:43:02 juand_2626: u have any more questions? 21:43:09 dinhnuimayphu_ngannam: yes 21:43:33 dinhnuimayphu_ngannam: thx for what u answer 21:43:38 juand_2626: ok How to cite Social Work Intervention with the Disabled and Their Families, Papers

Health Inequalities between Maori & Non-Maori-Samples for Students

Question: Discuss about the Treaty of Waitangi and its implication for health care delivery in New Zealand. Answer: Introduction: The Treaty of Waitangi is the New Zealands founding document, which is an agreement between Maori and British regarding reducing health inequalities between Maori and non-Maori. For all health practitioners entering into practice in New Zealand, it is necessary for them to be aware about the Treaty of Waitangi and applying all the principles in practice. This report presents detailed discussion about the Treaty of Waitangi and its implication for health care delivery in New Zealand. A brief history of the Treaty of Waitangi The treaty of Waitangi was signed on 6th February 1840 and took its name from the Bay of Islands where it was signed. The main reason for entering into the Treaty was certain changes in New Zealand in the late 1830s. In that period, many British migrants came to New Zealand for extended settlements and unruly behavior and atrocities became common. They gradually realized that annexing the country would secure their commercial operations. Due to this motive of British, violence and lawlessness became common and James Busby, the British resident could do little to control the situation. As other foreign powers also started taking an interest in New Zealand, the British engages in the activity of securing British sovereignty over New Zealand (New Zealand History, 2017).Hence, due to this reason, the Treaty was translated into Maori overnight and signed on 6th February. The four cornerstones of Maori health To promote health inequity between the Maori and other population, the Treaty of Waitangi proposed four corner stone of Maori health. It is a model for better understanding of Maori health and it consists of the following major components: Wh?nau(Family health): Understanding the family health component is important because family is a source that can both contribute to illness as well as assist in recovery from illness. Hence, link with ancestors and relationship with them in the past, present and the future can help to understand the cause of Maori health issues. Tinana (Physical health): This is the most important component for care which means understanding individuals physical growth and development. Hence, good physical health is one aspect of health and well-being and understanding elements that support Maori in physical health is necessary to reduce health inequity. Hinengaro (Mental health): To promote overall health and well-being, the mental health component is an important component as thoughts and feelings are integral aspect of body and soul. Understanding the feelings and emotions of Maori is necessary for proper care planning. Wairua (Spiritual health): Faith and spiritual aspects comprise the life force of certain individuals and analysis of spiritual health can help in analysis of physical manifestation of illness in individuals (Ministry of Health NZ, 2017). The three principles of the Treaty of Waitangi The Treaty of Waitangi also emphasized on the three principles of partnership, participation and protection. It defines the relationship that the Government have with the Maoris. The principles are important to bridge the gap between the Maori and the English. The details about the three principles are as follows: Partnership: This principle defines working together with iwi, hapu, whanua (family) and Maori community to develop strategies for Maori health and involve them in decision making and curriculum development. Participation: It involves engaging Maori in health care sectors for planning and delivery of services. Protection: Protection is the role of Government to reduce health disparities between Maori and non-Maori and maintain equal health of all. It comprises safeguarding and protecting Maori in terms of cultural concept, value and practices (Ministry of Health NZ, 2017). A brief discussion of the implications the Treaty of Waitangi has on healthcare delivery in New Zealand The Treaty of Waitangi has many positive implications for the health care delivery in New Zealand. This can said because Maori is the main indigenous group living in New Zealand and their health status varies due to difference historical, social and political circumstances from that of non-Maori. Evidence has proved about the health disparities between Maoris and non-Maori, hence for health care profession, addressing disparities during delivery of care is most important (Reid, Taylor-Moore Varona, 2014). Hence, with the proper understanding about the four cornerstone of Maori health, health care professional can better understand the social determinants of health of Maori and understand the factors that contribute to health disparities in them. Therefore, health care professional can use the three principles to identify health promotion strategies in the context of people living in Aotearoa. It will enable realization of aspiration of Maori and incorporating their preference during delivery of health. It will also help staffs to provide safe and competent care to the people of New Zealand (Wepa, 2015).The treaty is highly linked to cultural safety and it informs regarding inherent components needed to achieve positive health outcome for Maori. Application of Treaty of Waitangi in physiotherapy practice If I am granted registration in New Zealand for physiotherapy practice, I will use the fours cornerstone of the Treaty of Waitangi as a guide to understand different socio-cultural factors that has an impact on Maori Health. Hence, while interacting with Maori people, my focus will be on proper communication with them to understand family health issues or spiritual or cultural factors that contributes to their health problems. I will also use the fours cornerstone to plan the proper way by which care and treatment can be delivered without any resistance from Maori (Cram, 2014). Maori are often found to stay away from health care service despite illness. I aim to use the Treaty of Waitangi to help them understand the importance of health care consultation in the early phase to prevent complications and morbidity. The document will be a useful guideline for me to promote health of Maori and encourage them to engage in health care decision making by education about the importance of hea lth and well-being for holistic development. The four corner stone will also support me in identifying the barrier to receiving physiotherapy for Maori and planning effective strategies to motivate Maori people to use the services. Conclusion: From the above report, the history and purpose of Treaty of Waitangi has been clearly understood. As a health care professional, proper understanding about the principles and models mentioned in the treaty will enable delivery of safe and competent care. As a physiotherapist, this knowledge will be useful in reducing health inequities and promoting Maori participation in health care delivery. References Cram, F. (2014). Improving M?ori access to health care: Research report.Wellington: Ministry of Health. Ministry of Health NZ. (2017). M?ori health models Te Whare Tapa Wh?. Retrieved 16 December 2017, from https://www.health.govt.nz/our-work/populations/maori-health/maori-health-models/maori-health-models-te-whare-tapa-wha Ministry of Health NZ. (2017). Treaty of Waitangi principles. Retrieved 16 December 2017, from https://www.health.govt.nz/our-work/populations/maori-health/he-korowai-oranga/strengthening-he-korowai-oranga/treaty-waitangi-principles New Zealand History (2017).The Treaty in brief - The Treaty in brief | NZHistory, New Zealand history online. Nzhistory.govt.nz. Retrieved 16 December 2017, from https://nzhistory.govt.nz/politics/treaty/the-treaty-in-brief Reid, J., Taylor-Moore, K., Varona, G. (2014). Towards a social-structural model for understanding current disparities in Maori health and well-being.Journal of Loss and Trauma,19(6), 514-536. Wepa, D. (Ed.). (2015).Cultural safety in Aotearoa New Zealand. Cambridge University Press

Great Expectations-How Does Dickens Use Setting free essay sample

?How does Dickens use setting in Great Expectations to show characters feelings + situations? Charles Dickens was born in Portsmouth, Hampshire, during the Victorian era. In 1822, when Dickens was ten, the family relocated from Kent [where they had moved when Dickens was 5] to Camden Town, London. These places of residence are symbolic of certain occurances in Dickens life; throughout the novel, these areas play an avid role in the creation and development of the characters situations and feelings. This essay shall explore the numerous ways in which Dickens uses setting to portray his characters feelings and situations in Great Expectations. In the opening chapter, we are introduced to the novels protagonist Phillip Pirrip alias Pip. In the first few paragraphs, we learn that Pip is an orphan child (this is shown by Phillip Pirrip, late of this parish, and also Georgiana wife of the above, were dead and buried) whom feels alone and isolated in the world. We will write a custom essay sample on Great Expectations-How Does Dickens Use Setting or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page This statement was established by the marshes depiction as the dark flat wilderness beyond the church yard was the marshes the distant savage lair from which the wind was rushing in was the sea. This can be interpreted as Pips opinion regarding his social status; the marshes being portrayed as dark wilderness suggest Pip feels isolated from the rest of the world, meanwhile use of the word dark suggests he feels left in the darkness whilst the upper classes go about their lives. The misty marshes are extremely significant throughout the novel, as they create an atmosphere which is sinister, which indicates some form of foreseeable danger and uncertainty. It is where he meets the escaped convict at the start, and later, is where he is kidnapped and nearly killed by Orlick. Symbolically, he passes the marshes on his way to London, a seemingly positive and exciting phase in his life. However, this setting indicates that perhaps, this experience will be a dangerous one. Another significant location is Statis House. This is where Pip was sent to spend time with the upper class Miss Havisham and her adopted daughter Estella. Satis House is a gothic setting which reflects her situation it is in ruins, like Miss Havisham. Since Miss Havisham was jilted on her wedding day, she stopped the clocks and remains in her wedding gown with the decaying feast of food around her. This setting represents Miss Havishams desire to freeze time and her wedding dress symbolizes her past. The decaying food represents her decay as she has become frail in her old age. Satis House was of old brick, and dismal, and had a great many iron bars to it. Some of the windows had been walled up; of those that remained, all the lower were rustily barred. The iron bars, symbolise the feeling of being imprisoned- Pip is imprisoned in his unrequited love for Estella and Miss Havisham is imprisoned by her past as she refuses to move on from it. This, alongside the locked main gate and high surrounding walls, add to the feeling of imprisonment. In addition to this, it could be interpreted as the separation between the upper and lower classes. Also, Miss Havishams courtyard is a reflection of her life and situation. The quote grass was growing in every crevice highlights her feelings of neglect and being unloved. Futhermore, the empty brewery next to the house which was once successful has become abbandoned and deserted, No brewing was going on in it, and none seemed to have gone on for a long time. much like Miss Havisham has been since the day she was jilted at the alter. Dickens portrayal of London is also consequential, as upon arrival Pips first impression of London is that it is unattractive and dirty, [wretched weather; stormy and wet, stormy and wet; mud, mud, mud] yet it is where the second, exciting stage of Pips expectations begin. In my opinion, this is Dickens way of portraying his views on Pips superficial desire to rise up the social ladder from lower class to upper, which in the era Dickens lived in, was a common goal of society. In conclusion, Dickens effectively used setting to portray his characters situations and feelings throughout the novel. When Great Expectations was first written, it was released as a serial production, meaning a small section of the novel was released on a regular basis -i. e. weekly. Due to this, the characters situations and feelings- among other things- had to be throughly developed in order to keep the reader intrested till the next installment. Hence the reason, [in my humble opinion] this novel has become a best-selling classic.

Summary of Shakespeares Plots †Literature Essay

Summary of Shakespeares Plots – Literature Essay Free Online Research Papers Summary of Shakespeares Plots Literature Essay Shakespeare is all about mind games. Each and every one of his famous works from Othello to A Midsummer Night’s Dream to Hamlet plays with the emotional and psychological aspect of a person’s mind. In Othello, Shakespeare strikes at the flaw of being too valiant and twists the soul. Where, A Midsummer Night’s Dream is a comedy, however, the mastermind Shakespeare, throws tricks that confuse the heart. Lastly, Hamlet by William Shakespeare unfolds the deep internal confessions in Hamlet’s last soliloquy; through his stream of consciousness he draws our anxious attention to reveal his intentions. Throughout Hamlet’s turmoil within he successfully invokes excitement, fear, and mystery. When he says â€Å"What is a man, /If his chief good and market of his time/Be but to sleep and feed?†(4.4.36-38) Hamlet infers that a man is not a man; he’s a beast, unless he has a purpose. Hamlet tosses and turns in his excessively thought out process of whether to end his own cowardly life or to kill another worthy of death. Whether he decides one or the other, our blood races, our breath quickens; our eyes scramble for more words to figure out his mystery. He’s getting close to a decision. With it there’s a sense of excitement because some action is anticipated to finally happen. After all of his rollercoaster of fits of anger, depression, and helplessness hearing these words promotes a sense of closure, a definitive answer, and confidence. So what’s his next move? William Shakespeare writes out the story of Hamlet as it happens, like hamlet’s thoughts. Both the audience and hamlet himself, doesn’t know what’s going to happen next until it does. This literary strategy leaves us almost in the dark, which heightens our senses, procures feelings of wonderment and immense suspense. It is in Hamlet’s fourth and last soliloquy that this play reaches a climax and a resolution. Referring to line 68 and 69 in act four scene four â€Å"O, from this time fourth, /My thoughts be bloody, or be nothing worth!† To hear this finale after his ramblings before, it’s a refreshing feeling. No one wants to be in an indecisive turmoil of hell like Hamlet was in. He takes charge and finally stands firm making everyone say ‘yes!’ for feeling accomplished. However, this long waited answer was done on purpose, in retrospect Shakespeare loves to toy with the human emotions. Shakespeare was the mastermind and Hamlet w as his muse to build up pressure until, like a volcano it bursts. All of this conclusiveness is thanks to Fortinbras’s army that passed Hamlet’s path. How? Such fearless action portrayed by the army showed Hamlet that he was wasting time wallowing in his dark abyss. As aforementioned, the realization of the brilliance in Shakespeare’s work Hamlet dawns upon those who cross its path. This small segment out of the whole play shows how someone from hundreds of years in the past can still evoke excitement, suspense to a climax and such refreshing resolution. The most important times in this play was not the actions or events that took place for those are only mortal and temporary. Believe it or not it was the thoughts that were expressed, the psychological parts that will last in us and affect for eternity. Research Papers on Summary of Shakespeare's Plots - Literature EssayHonest Iagos Truth through DeceptionMind TravelThe Spring and AutumnThe Hockey GameAnalysis Of A Cosmetics AdvertisementThree Concepts of PsychodynamicWhere Wild and West MeetArguments for Physician-Assisted Suicide (PAS)Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows EssayUnreasonable Searches and Seizures

Diversity Plan PowerPoint Presentation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Diversity Plan - PowerPoint Presentation Example en looking for players or the sports leaders the sports management board should cast their nets wider in order to recruit people from different ethnic and cultural groups (Cunningham, 2011). The management board should also establish mean of encouraging the underrepresented groups to participate in sports. A campaign should be established to encourage all students to participate in different sports. Those who join the sports should not be discouraged. They should be trained and offered with moral support in order to like the games (Cunningham, 2011). The sports management team in the college should also create a sports culture that enables all students to be involved fully. The culture will enable each person to enjoy sports and join the games of their interest. In the college, there should be an environment that gives everybody an opportunity to compete, officiate, play, coach and volunteer in sports. Inter-ethnic competition should also be burned, and all students should play as a team regardless of the race (Cunningham,

Organizational Behaviour - Leadership in Organizations Case Study

Organizational Behaviour - Leadership in Organizations - Case Study Example These theories discussed different styles of leadership also which include leadership styles such as situational, transformational, servant-leadership etc. The topic of this essay is to discuss the contingency model of leadership and the subsequent changes which took place over the period of time in the concept and theoretical foundations of the concept. However, before discussing the concept, it is important that a comprehensive look at what the leadership is and how it emerges must be taken into account. As discussed above that there were different attempts being made in defining the process of leadership and how it emerges. Leadership has typically been defined as the process of influencing others in order to accomplish some objectives through others. Leaders often achieve this through their personal attributes such as values, knowledge, ethical considerations as well as character. However, on an organizational level, leadership is more concerned with organizational functioning as well as the coordination of various activities in order to achieve the intended objectives. Recent advances in the literature, however, clearly indicate that leadership is not just limited to the concept of accomplishing tasks through personal attributes rather it is more of a collaborative effort which does not rely on the leader but on followers also. This leadership is, therefore, a two-way concept involving both the leaders and followers to accomplish any given task. A historical look at the development of leadership theories would suggest that it started with the emergence of Great Man theories which emphasized the in-born capabilities of the leaders. Such theories highlighted that great leaders are born leaders and leadership is something which cannot be acquired or developed over a period of time. (Horner,1997). The next generation of change in leadership theories focused on the contextual relationship of the leadership with the organization. The situational leadership theories, therefore, concentrated on studying the influences of the external environment on the behaviour of the leaders and attempted to define the external environment as an influential factor on the overall shaping of the leader. Situational theories are based on the assumption that leaders emerge either due to the economic condition of the country, group dynamics, threats which are external to the organization as well as the different organizational culture prevailing in organizations. The situational leadership is therefore considered as the result of a leader's reaction towards the different external settings and influences faced by the organization. (Hollander, 1971). Fiedler's contingency model is part of this school of thought about leadership.  

Benefits of a Restaurant Management System Assignment

Benefits of a Restaurant Management System - Assignment Example The RMS ensures that minimal time is taken to deliver a guest’s order. Guests dislike restaurants where it takes a lot of time to process an order. RMS will ensure that guests get their orders delivered on time, since the order system is automated (Connor 61). The system streamlines employees’ tasks thus saving time, which results in improved productivity. Better Reaction to TrendsThe RMS keeps track of sales and cost information by employee, time period, outlet, table and meal period among others. This way, the restaurant can easily identify any problems or areas affecting profitability and take the appropriate actions. This would not be easy to spot using a manual system.  Ã‚   Reduced Labor ExpensesThe RMS can take many orders at the same time without the risk of mix up, as would be in the case of a manual system. RMS reduces the need for excess paperwork which can be easily printed from the system. This reduces the number of employees on the payroll thus reducing labor expenses, which form a significant part of total expenses.   Reduced Late ChargesThe system ensures that the charges pertaining to foods and beverages are posted to a folio prior to check-out. A manual system would not efficiently post the charges resulting to late charges. An automated management system ensures that charges are posted on time and accurately, in addition to checking the status of the room or credit pertaining to a particular guest. It also reduces the time used to serve each guest resulting in better guest control.

Examining the theory of mind hypothesis for autism

Examining the theory of mind hypothesis for autism The Theory of Mind (TofM) hypothesis for autism has been investigated extensively in the last 30 years. This essay will review the literature which examines this theory, considering a wide range of methodological and theoretical approaches. It will be argued that whilst there are several strengths of the theory, the TofM hypothesis cannot account for the non-social symptoms of ASD, and therefore cannot be considered to provide a comprehensive account of the disorder. Cognitive evidence (including a range of TofM tests), theoretical issues, and alternative hypotheses of autism will be considered. What is the Theory of Mind Hypothesis for Autism? The TofM hypothesis of autism was first proposed by Baron-Cohen, Leslie and Frith in 1985. It proposed that individuals with autism lack a TofM, leading them to have specific deficits, such as an inability to partake in pretend play and impairment in social skills. The theory has been controversial since its proposal, with several alternative hypotheses being suggested. Cognitive Evidence The earliest tests of TofM ability often relied heavily on tests of false belief, in which participants are required to understand that other people do not necessarily know (or believe) the same as them. For example, Baron-Cohen, Leslie and Frith (1985) investigated TofM ability in children with autism and children with Downs syndrome, and found those with autism were significantly impaired in their understanding of false belief, suggesting a deficit in TofM ability in autism, and thereby supporting the TofM hypothesis for autism. Similar tests involving false belief, such as those carried out by Happe (1995), have supported findings by Baron-Cohen, Leslie and Frith (1985), providing strong support for the TofM hypothesis of autism. The principle problem in using false belief tests is their reliance on language use. (Bloom and German, 2000). Colle, Baron-Cohen and Hill (2007) investigated concerns that a potential inability to understand language associated with false belief tasks may result in individuals with autism failing these tasks, despite have the TofM ability required to pass tests (e.g. Bloom and German, 2000). They used a non-verbal false belief test to compare the TofM understanding of children with ASD to children with SLI, and found that autistic children have specific deficits in TofM which were not present in the SLI control group. They concluded that previous findings of a TofM deficit by research using standard tests of false belief (e.g. Surian and Leslie, 1999) were unlikely to have been confounded by language ability, thereby revalidating claims made by this research. However, there are other issues associated with the reliability of false belief tasks. For example, Bloom and German (2000) have suggested that a single test of TofM is unlikely to comprehensively test all elements of TofM ability in an individual. Furthermore, whilst research in the field shows the majority of autistic participants fail tests of false belief, a small minority of high-functioning autistic individuals pass the test (e.g. Baron-Cohen, Leslie and Frith, 1985). This has raised questions regarding the ability of false belief tests to recognise subtle deficits in TofM ability potentially shown in the high-functioning autistic population (Rutherford, Baron-Cohen and Wheelwright, 2002). As a result, new research in the field has often focused on using alternative tests of TofM. The Reading the Mind in the Eyes test (Baron-Cohen et al., 2001) is an alternative to false belief tasks, in which participants are required to recognise emotions based on images of a persons eyes. To pass this test, participants must rely on subtle cues indicated in the eyes, thereby indicating ability in mental state understanding, or TofM. Baron-Cohen et al. (2001) used this test to show that individuals with ASD are significantly impaired in their ability to recognise emotions using subtle cues, thereby indicating a deficit in TofM ability. A similar test was used by Rutherford, Baron-Cohen and Wheelwright (2002) and Golan et al. (2007) in which participants were required to establish how a person was feeling after listening to a phrase spoken by that person. This test also indicated social impairments caused by a deficit in TofM ability in ASD, as participants with ASD were significantly impaired in their ability to recognise emotions using vocal cues. Research into TofM ability using the Reading the Mind in the Eyes test is particularly beneficial in supporting the TofM hypothesis. Methodologically, the test does not rely on language comprehension, and therefore passing or failing the test is based purely on TofM ability. Both the Reading the Mind in the Eyes test and the Voice variation are able to detect subtle differences in participants social sensitivity, allowing for deficits to be identified in populations that often pass false belief tasks (such as individuals with high-functioning Autism, Baron-Cohen, Leslie and Frith, 1985), and thereby suggesting the TofM hypothesis is generalisable and universal across the highly varied autistic population. The Faux Pas test was also developed by Baron-Cohen et al. (1999), and assesses recognition of faux pas (defined as being when something is said without consideration of whether the information may be something that the listener does not wish to hear or know, Baron-Cohen et al., 1999). In 2009, Zalla et al. investigated faux pas recognition ability in individuals with Aspergers syndrome using the Faux Pas test, and found these individuals made significantly more errors in detecting faux pas than typically developing individuals, were unable to correctly justify the speakers behaviour and were unable to comprehend the impact of this behaviour. Zalla et al. (2009) concluded that this showed a specific deficit in TofM ability in individuals with ASD. Methodologically, research using tests of faux pas lend strong support for the ToM hypothesis for autism by using an alternative test to false belief tasks. Using faux pas tests helps to revalidate claims made by the theory, which could have been considered questionable if relying purely on false belief tests. As a result, these tests provide strong support for the theory that individuals with autism have deficits in TofM. The TofM hypothesis for autism is also strongly supported by research into joint attention ability in autism (Baron-Cohen, 2009). Evidence suggests that joint attention and TofM ability are linked, such that early joint attention ability is a precursor to TofM ability (e.g. Charman et al., 2000). Furthermore, research has indicated that joint attention skills are significantly impaired in infants with ASD. For example, Charman (2003) investigated joint attention ability in infants (aged 20 months) with autism, and found significant deficits. Charman then assessed the social and communication symptoms of these infants at 42 months, and found that symptom severity was correlated with joint attention disability indicated at 20 months. Colombi et al. (2009) also found that young autistic children show joint attention deficits. As joint attention ability is considered to be a precursor for TofM ability, this suggests that TofM deficits are present from infancy or birth in individuals with ASD. This thereby provides support for the TofM hypothesis as a causal account of autism, by suggesting that a TofM deficit may be a primary deficit. This concept is supported by research into symptom severity and TofM ability. In 2003, Tager-Flusberg et al. used a battery of tests to assess TofM ability and symptom severity in autistic participants, and found that severity of social and communication symptoms was partially explained by TofM impairment. These conclusions imply that TofM deficits are causal in producing the social and communication impairments shown in ASD, thereby supporting claims made by the TofM hypothesis that a deficit causes symptoms associated with the condition. In 2007, Tager-Flusberg presented one of the most comprehensive reviews of the hypothesis to date. She assessed evidence which addressed key issues associated with the theory (for example, why some children pass false belief tasks, and whether a TofM deficit can account for all deficits associated with autism), evaluating a wide range of evidence (including cognitive testing and neurological evidence). She concluded that whilst there is a TofM deficit in autism, the hypothesis cannot account for all deficits in social-affective information processing associated with the condition. The issue raised by Tager-Flusberg (2007) is perhaps the most important weakness in the TofM hypothesis. Whilst the theory provides an explanation for social and communication deficits typically found in ASD (as successful communication skills require TofM ability, Baron-Cohen, 2009), there is no evidence to suggest that a TofM deficit may account for symptoms such as repetitive behaviour, obsessively pursued interests, and dislike of change (Baron-Cohen, 2009). Joseph and Tager-Flusberg (2004) investigated TofM deficits and repetitive behaviour in ASD, and found no correlation between deficits and severity of repetitive symptoms, thereby supporting the suggestion that the TofM hypothesis cannot account for repetitive behaviour. As a result, the theory cannot be considered comprehensive in terms of explaining all possible symptoms associated with autism. Another issue associated with the TofM hypothesis is that individuals with other disorders have also shown deficits in TofM. For example, Brune (2005) found that individuals with schizophrenia showed significant impairment in TofM, and associated impairments in social behaviour and emotion recognition, similar to deficits shown by individuals with autism. The TofM hypothesis for autism provides no explanation for how autistic individuals are unique in their symptoms, when other conditions exist which show similar TofM impairment. A theoretical constraint associated with the TofM hypothesis is the potentially ambiguous nature of the term TofM. The hypothesis is complicated by debates surrounding the nature of TofM ability in typical individuals. The two principle theories of TofM (Theory Theory and Simulation Theory) explain autism in terms of an inability to form thoughts, representations, and hypotheses about the social world (Theory Theory), or alternatively in terms of an inability to simulate the mental states of others (Simulation Theory) (Currie, 1996). Until an absolute theory of TofM can be established, any evidence in support of a TofM hypothesis for autism remains ambiguous in terms of exactly what deficits individuals with autism have (i.e. deficits described by Theory Theory or deficits suggested by Simulation Theory). When considering the literature investigating the TofM hypothesis, it is worthwhile acknowledging the wide body of neurological research. Research in this field provides strong support for a TofM deficit in ASD, with studies such as those by Kana et al. (2009), Mason et al. (2008), and Dapretto et al. (2006) suggesting abnormal brain activation in autistic participants in brain regions associated with TofM. However, research into a neurological basis for autism has also emphasised the issues associated with the TofM hypothesis. For example, Hadjikhani (2007) state that it is unclear whether dysfunction in brain regions associated with TofM could explain behavioural symptoms shown in autism (such as repetitive behaviour and concrete thought), or how structural and functional brain abnormalities originate in autistic individuals. This research highlights the key strengths and weaknesses associated with the TofM hypothesis as a cognitive account of autism, and reinforces cognitive resea rch suggesting the hypothesis cannot be considered as a comprehensive account of the condition. Summary The preceding review provides strong evidence to support a deficit in TofM in autism, which is likely to be present from birth. The review also suggests that symptom severity can be at least partially accounted for by degree of TofM deficit. However, there are significant issues when considering the TofM hypothesis for autism. These issues include an inability of the hypothesis to explain how non-social symptoms can be accounted for by a TofM deficit, a lack of explanation of the significant symptom variability shown in the autistic population, as well as theoretical constraints. Until these issues are addressed, the TofM hypothesis cannot be considered as a comprehensive account of autism. Alternative Theories of Autism The issues associated with the TofM hypothesis led to a range of alternative theories of autism being developed, which must be considered when reviewing literature investigating the TofM hypothesis. One of the first theories to be proposed since the TofM hypothesis was the Executive Dysfunction theory (Ozonoff, Pennington and Rogers, 1991). This theory contradicted the TofM hypothesis, in that it proposed that individuals with autism have deficits in executive function ability (Yerys et al., 2006). This theory became popular in autism research, as the theory appeared to provide more comprehensive accounts of the autistic traits (both social and non-social) presented in these individuals daily (Hill, 2004). Furthermore, a large number of investigations found executive dysfunction in autistic individuals. For example, Ozonoff and McEvoy (2008) examined cognitive development in autistic individuals over a three-year period, and found significant deficits in executive functioning. McEvoy , Rogers and Pennington (2006) also found a deficit in executive functioning in autism. However, recent research has suggested that executive dysfunction may be secondary to the autism. Yerys et al. (2006) investigated executive function in young children with ASD and found no evidence of dysfunction, suggesting that executive dysfunction in adults with ASD has developed gradually and is not a causal factor of the condition. Dawson et al. (2002) also found evidence for normal executive function ability in young autistic children, and concluded that dysfunction found at a later age was a consequence of living with the disorder. As a result, whilst this theory initially appeared to provide a valid and reliable alternative to the TofM hypothesis for autism, there is now strong evidence to refute executive dysfunction as a causal account of autism, and this research cannot be considered to provide evidence to invalidate the TofM hypothesis. A more successful theory was proposed by Baron-Cohen (2008) as a development of the TofM hypothesis of autism. The Empathizing-Systemizing theory proposes that individuals with autism have deficits in understanding others mental states and responding appropriately (empathy), but have an average or above average systemizing ability (i.e. using rules and regularities to analyze and construct systems). As a result, autistic individuals show deficits in social ability (caused by empathy deficits) and non-social symptoms such as repetitive behaviours, obsessively pursued interests, and dislike of change (caused by average or above systemizing ability) (Baron-Cohen, 2009). This theory is particularly successful for several reasons. From a methodological perspective, the theory provides an explanation for both social and non-social symptoms of autism, a key issue in the TofM hypothesis. The theory also explains the uniqueness of autism, such that whilst other conditions may show deficits in empathy (e.g. schizophrenia, Montag et al., 2007), no other condition also shows average or above average systemizing ability (Baron-Cohen, 2009). The theory is also strongly supported by research. For example, Lawson et al. (2004) investigated empathizing and systemizing in participants with ASD and typically developing controls, and found those with ASD were significantly worse at empathizing than controls, but were not significantly different in their ability to systemize. Wakabayashi et al. (2007) found individuals with ASD were impaired in their ability to empathize, but significantly better than typical controls in their ability to systemize. This theory has therefore become a valid and reliable alternative to the TofM hypothesis for autism. Conclusions This essay has reviewed the literature which critically examines the TofM hypothesis for autism. It is clear that whilst there is adequate evidence to suggest a TofM deficit in autistic individuals, the hypothesis cannot account for non-social elements of ASD. New theories of autism must incorporate the concept of TofM deficits, whilst aiming to account for all social and non-social symptoms, as well as symptom variability and severity. A greater emphasis on the understanding how cognitive deficits associated with autism generate the symptoms shown in the condition would have important implications for the development of interventions aimed at improving social skills and symptom management in individuals with autism.

The Plug-In Drug by Marie Winn Essay -- essays research papers

In an article ' The Plug-In Drug ' the author Marie Winn discusses the bad influence of television on today's society. Television is a ' drug ' that interfere with family ritual, destroys human relationships and undermines the family.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Marie Winn claims that television over the years have effected many American family life. Since television is everyday ritual, many American tend to spent more time with television than they do with their family and this result in unhealthy relation in family. She also acknowledge that television destroy family unique quality that they carry, such reading, cooking, games, songs and other special rituals.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The author claims television also destroys a human relationship. During free time instead working our difference with conversing each other, we are absorbed by imaginary world of television. Therefor we fail to interact through the real world leading to the ' distortion of real life relationship.' Television gives an escape root for people who need to be spending time on relationships with their family as well as others. Because children have ' one way relationships ' with the television, they fail to fully develop their communication and social skills. This further intensifies the decline of the family relationships.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Author also point out television undermines the family. Most parents are now relying on outside sources such... The Plug-In Drug by Marie Winn Essay -- essays research papers In an article ' The Plug-In Drug ' the author Marie Winn discusses the bad influence of television on today's society. Television is a ' drug ' that interfere with family ritual, destroys human relationships and undermines the family.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Marie Winn claims that television over the years have effected many American family life. Since television is everyday ritual, many American tend to spent more time with television than they do with their family and this result in unhealthy relation in family. She also acknowledge that television destroy family unique quality that they carry, such reading, cooking, games, songs and other special rituals.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The author claims television also destroys a human relationship. During free time instead working our difference with conversing each other, we are absorbed by imaginary world of television. Therefor we fail to interact through the real world leading to the ' distortion of real life relationship.' Television gives an escape root for people who need to be spending time on relationships with their family as well as others. Because children have ' one way relationships ' with the television, they fail to fully develop their communication and social skills. This further intensifies the decline of the family relationships.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Author also point out television undermines the family. Most parents are now relying on outside sources such...

Privilege: Racism and Jim Crow Laws Essay

The essay â€Å"White Privilege and Male Privilege† written by Peggy McIntosh was enlightening and controversial. It was enlightening because she shows you how certain groups of people can have privilege over other different groups, and be unaware or in denial over it. Peggy’s story was controversial because it talked about the privilege that very few have the courage to talk about. The white and male privilege and the fact that it is looming over our heads as a society. Throughout history there’s a superior and inferior race and sex. The superior race is the white race, opposed to the African Americans who are considered the inferior. Additionally men are the superior sex opposed to women. Race is a sensitive subject when discussed due to the painful history of our country, most notably the plight of African Americans. African Americans have had a painful background of slavery and inequalities along with unjust rights they had to endure. They were not considered humans, but were property of their white slave owners. Racism has been social constructed for many decades. It is possible that the racial hierarchy can control many aspects of the human life. It can control what kind of jobs you receive, politics, media, insurance, and even your place of residence; this is reminiscent of the Jim Crow laws. Jim Crow laws were not only anti black laws but a way of life predominantly for southern people. The Jim Crow laws were constructed to keep African Americans from climbing higher on the social ladder. Education, transportation and work were kept at a bare minimum for African Americans. Under no means necessary was any African American to act as if they were equal to the white race. It ultimately controlled where they were allowed to go and what they were allowed to do. If for any reason this law was broken, consequences were normally enforced by physical force consequences for challenging whites and their authority. This was a way for the whites to maintain dominance and ensure the African Americans stayed at the bottom of the racial hierarchy. This was the cost for being born black. For being born into a society where your race was the ultimate factor in your social status, and rather than being born into a world of acceptance, you were born into a world of exile. This portrays in the United States the black and white color lines that have been imbedded into our minds and enforced due to the dominance of the white race for so long. Men also have advantages over women, especially politically. Even though times have changed and women are able to vote, men still are the dominating force in politics. Women have to fight longer, harder and be three times more qualified than a man to get some positions or to even qualify for jobs over a man. When some women are appointed higher positions over men they get criticized and sometimes even degraded because of it. Some men don’t even see or recognize when this occurs. Many white people are in denial of preconceived notions that they might have on a certain person or group because of their race. I myself have been a victim of racism at work. People choose to believe the color of your skin indicates your worth. Some expect you to fail and not succeed because of this. They expect you to meet the standard of the person they have seen on TV, in a movie, or on the radio. However, what they don’t realize is that these are stereotypes that the media portray of a certain group and that perception is not always accurate. They also take a bad experience with one individual, and deem an entire race that way. No one knows why we come in so many shades sizes and variations. However, we do know that the social concepts of race deprives from the history that one has come from. Race as well as the sex of a person was once used as a tactic of fear, fear that was instilled in a person to make them powerless and inferior to another race. Although many things have changed for the better in our society, racism and the sex of a person is still a dominate factor.

An Introduction and Guide to Real Business Cycle Theory

An Introduction and Guide to Real Business Cycle Theory Real  business cycle  theory (RBC theory) is a class of macroeconomic models and theories that were first explored by American economist John Muth in 1961. The theory has since been more closely associated with another American economist, Robert Lucas, Jr., who has been characterized as â€Å"the most influential macroeconomist in the last quarter of the twentieth century.†Ã‚  Ã‚   Intro to Economic Business Cycles Before understanding real business cycle theory, one must understand the basic concept of business cycles. A business cycle is the periodic up and down movements in the economy, which are measured by fluctuations in real GDP and other macroeconomic variables. There are sequential phases of a business cycle that demonstrate rapid growth (known as expansions or booms) followed by periods of stagnation or decline (known as contractions or declines). Expansion (or Recovery when following a trough): categorized by an increase in economic activityPeak: The upper turning point of the business cycle when expansion turns to contractionContraction: categorized by a decrease in economic activityTrough: The lower turning point of the business cycle when contraction leads to recovery and/or expansion Real business cycle theory makes strong assumptions about the drivers of these business cycle phases. Primary Assumption of Real Business Cycle Theory The primary concept behind real business cycle theory is that one must study business cycles with the fundamental assumption that they are driven entirely by technology shocks rather than by monetary shocks or changes in expectations. That is to say that RBC theory largely accounts for business cycle fluctuations with real (rather than nominal) shocks, which are defined as unexpected or unpredictable events that affect the economy. Technology shocks, in particular, are considered a result of some unanticipated technological development that impacts productivity. Shocks in government purchases are another kind of shock that can appear in a pure real business cycle (RBC Theory) model. Real Business Cycle Theory and Shocks In addition to attributing all business cycle phases to technological shocks, real business cycle theory considers business cycle fluctuations an efficient response to those exogenous changes or developments in the real economic environment. Therefore, business cycles are â€Å"real† according to RBC theory in that they do not represent the failure of markets to clear or show an equal supply to demand ratio, but instead, reflect the most efficient economic operation given the structure of that economy. As a result, RBC theory rejects Keynesian economics, or the view that in the short run economic output is primarily influenced by aggregate demand, and monetarism, the school of thought that emphasizes the role of government in controlling the amount of money in circulation. Despite their rejection of RBC theory, both of these schools of economic thought currently represent the foundation of mainstream macroeconomic policy.

Chromatography and Solvents Essay Example

Chromatography and Solvents Essay Example Chromatography and Solvents Paper Chromatography and Solvents Paper Chromatography is a method of separating compounds and mixtures so that they can be identified and analyzed. The word chromatography means color writing. There are many kinds of chromatography such as the thin layer chromatography, Partition chromatography, Column chromatography, and Paper chromatography. Chromatography is important in the analysis of processes and materials such as environmental contamination, food, drugs, blood, petroleum products, and radioactive fission products. It has many uses in the rapidly evolving biotechnology industry. The chromatography sorbents help purify problems in the production of drugs. Equipment used for chromatography is essential for chemical laboratories today. With these devices, scientists can identify chemical compounds in complex mixtures such as smog, cigar smoke, and even coffee aroma. Chromatography could be used to show how much of one substance there is in a mixture. Solvents are used to separate mixtures. Some solvents that we see every day are nail polish remover, water, rubbing alcohol, and vinegar. In chromatography, the components go through 2 phases called the mobile phase and stationary phase. The stationary phase may be solid, liquid, liquid supported on a solid, or gel. They may be packed in a column, spread as a layer, or distributed as a film. The mobile phase may be gaseous or liquid. In paper chromatography, the filter paper is the stationary phase and the solvent is the mobile phase. The separation is achieved when the solutes in the mobile phase and stationary phase results in different retention lines for the different chemical compounds. The chromatographic system consists of 3 components which are solvents, soluble, and sorbents. Solvents are used to dissolve solutes to form a solution. Not all solvents have to be liquid and not all solutes have to be solid. Higher temperatures of the solvent usually increase the dissolving of the solute. One exception to this is that the solubility of gas in liquid usually decreases with temperature. If the components of this system react chemically with each other than the inert substance dispersing the reactants is the inert solvent. Chemical reactions will also dissolve more solutes. Water is an excellent solvent for ionic substances. It breaks down the ionic crystals and separates the component ions form each other. The water molecules form shells around the ions and keep them far apart. Covalently bonded molecules like organic compounds don’t dissolve well in water. They dissolve well in organic solvents. Some alcohols have hydrogen bonds so they dissolve in water. Rubbing Alcohol is useful as an antifreeze compound and solvent. It contains methanol which is produced from natural gases. Methanol is made from mixing hydrogen and carbon monoxide at high temperatures and pressure. The boiling point increases due to hydrogen bonding that occurs between hydroxyl groups. Acetone is a colorless, flammable, explosive liquid that contains a characteristic odor that can be detected at very low concentrations. 2008). (Chemical compound: CH3COCH3) Used for making nail polish remover, model airplane, and glue. It belongs to a family known as ketones. Ketones are a compound with carbonyl group (carbon and oxygen bonded together) attached to 2 carbon atoms, made of two propane molecules. Acetone may be present in the human body but only in small concentrations. Diabetic patients may have larger amounts. Exposure to Acetone should be avoided because it causes irritation in the eyes and throat. The vinegar is an organic compound that contains up to 5% Acetic Acid (has chemical compounds CH3COOH) and 95% water. Acetic acid is a clear colorless liquid with a pungent odor. It is soluble in alcohol, acetone, water, and other organic compounds. Vinegar has been used as a cleaning agent, printing of textiles, and as an acidifier to improve the flow of oil from wells. Neil Schlager (2006). Acetic acid is corrosive and prolonged exposure can cause irritation to throat, nose, and eyes. It can also cause headaches, confusion, chest tightness, and coughs. Salt (another name for NaCl sodium chloride) is made from a chemical reaction of an acid and a base. During this reaction, the acid and base are neutralized producing salt, water and heat. Lerner (2008). Table Salt (also NaCl) only has one positive ion. Salt is an important compound for preserving food and making soap. It is also very important in the making of chlorine and sodium. Water (H2O) is a chemical compound of hydrogen and oxygen held together by polar covalent bonds. Its polarity causes it to form hydrogen bonds. Hydrogen bonds are an attraction between slightly positive H atoms in a polar molecule with the slightly negative side of another polar molecule. Water molecules form 5 hydrogen bonds and have a high specific heat. Water has a wicking property called capillary action. Capillary action is the force that draws water out of the roots of plants and into the stems and leaves. Analyzing ink is important questioned documents that might be forged. It could be used to identify inks in forged checks, wills, or altered records. Ink may look the same but they have very different chemical compositions. Ink is made up of a combination of pigments and dyes, oils, and resins. Some inks are even made of soybeans. Inks may be analyzed by a destructive or nondestructive test. The nondestructive is analyzed first and is better because it keeps the paper intact. Micro spectrophotometry is the main method of nondestructive testing. It scans the ink in infrared and ultraviolet light to record its wavelengths of light it absorbs. Thin layer chromatography is used for destructive testing. A tiny sample of ink paper is punched out and placed on a strip of paper with other ink samples. Then the strip is placed into a solvent but it’s placed where the sample ink is dry. The solvent is drawn up through capillary actions and the sample spots move up with it. The end result is a pattern of colored spots where you can compare it with others to make identification.

Summery Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 5

Summery - Essay Example However, people who fall in the minority group category still face discrimination even in a democratic society. In most cases, discrimination happens on grounds of sex, race, and religion. The American society gives the best-learnt lesson of discrimination based on race. Although the blacks and whites now have the same freedoms and rights, discrimination according to race is still an issue of urgency. This is because many people still suffer from the effect of racial discrimination. Discrimination comes in forms including indirect discrimination, direct, victimization and harassment. The article â€Å"Two Muslim religious leaders sue airlines for discrimination† written by Jim Barnett, shows a classical example of discrimination according to race at present. In this case, the two imams sued the Delta Airlines for the discrimination meted on them. The Muslim leaders underwent checking three times before the plane took off (Barnett 2011). Even after boarding, and the plane had left the gate where they had undergone a second checking by the security, the pilot felt uncomfortable with the imams and took the plane back to the gate for the imams to undergo checking. The essay sums it all by emphasizing the need to phase out discrimination in all its forms. All people are equal as per the Declaration of Independence. Legislation, education, and promotion of inter group contacts can help in reducing discrimination and

Government Fiscal Policy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Government Fiscal Policy - Essay Example One of the segments of the economy that benefited the most was the banking industry. The banks in the United States had been acting unethically giving out loans to people that did not quality in order to boost their profits. A lot of Americans lost their homes in the middle of this fiasco. The stimulus package helped save over 3.5 million jobs in America particularly jobs in the manufacturing and construction sector. The Big 3 Auto makers also received financial help from the federal government. The reduction in taxes helped put more money in to the hands of American citizens. Classical economy theory states that the economy is always capable of achieving natural level of real GPD or output (Cliffnotes, 2013). I do not think that classical economy theory would have applied to the economic issues the nation was facing. The United States needed governmental intervention back in 2007-2009 to recover from the recession it was facing. The impact of the economic stimulus package on the governmental budget was that it increased the national debt in the long run and in the short run it increased the yearly budget of the

Intertextual examination of two texts Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Intertextual examination of two texts - Essay Example Based on Bricklayer’s Boy, it is clear that the pressure put on the youths by their parents and the older generations damages the relationship between these two groups, often resulting in conflicts. In the Bricklayer’s Boy, one aspect brought out is that many young people, especially men, are required to do what their parents want them to do. This is often against the wish of the young people, and ends up straining their relationship with their parents and older generations. In this literally text, the narrator says that his father, a bricklayer, did not like his idea of becoming a newspaper reporter. According to his father, newspaper reporting paid â€Å"just a little more than construction does† (Lubrano, 5). He wanted to his son to pursue a more lucrative job like being a lawyer. This was the sole reason why his father worked so hard to educate him in college. This predicament, which most young people face, is also brought out in the article by Bruno Bettelheim (1968). In his article, Bettelheim notes that there is a conflict of generations because of â€Å"the parent who sees his child’s main task in life as the duty to execute his will or justify his existence† (Bettelheim, 74). When the child fails to honor or follow the parent’s wishes, as the narrator in Bricklayer’s Boy did, then the relationship between the parents and children is damaged. Bricklayer’s Boy story also points to the belief held by most parents: their children have to succeed where they failed. Throughout the story, the narrator’s father wanted his son to become a better person because he had failed to live up to his dreams. In the story, it is noted that the â€Å"father wanted to be a singer and actor when he was young...† (Lubrano, 20). However, he had to do what was available in order to support his parents at the time. In the end, he expected his son to do something that could earn him bigger money just as singing and acting would have earned him money. As the

Romulus My Father Speech Essay Example for Free

Romulus My Father Speech Essay Understanding and acceptance are the building blocks for a good relationship, and Relationships are essential to finding a true sense of belonging. This sense of belonging can grow from the connections made with people, places and the larger world. It is these connections that influence where we search for meaning in our lives and ultimately, where we belong. Without understanding and accepting these connections, can you ever truly belong? The biography â€Å"Romulus My Father† and the short story â€Å"Up Taree Way† show how belonging is often deeply connected to place and for both Romulus and Millie there is an obvious dislocation from this place. For instance Romulus is a Romanian living in the unfamiliar landscape of Australia whilst Milly from Up Taree Way is an Aboriginal child living in the unfamiliar landscape of Sydney city. In both of these texts, Romulus and Milly eventually understand that no matter how long they live in their new environments they will always belong to their culture and in turn accept the values of where they originally came from. It is obvious that throughout both texts understanding and acceptance has strengthened the characters relationships with their friends, family and the larger world to which they belong. As much as understanding can increase ones sense of belonging, lack of understanding can decrease it. I mean how easy is it to misunderstand someone these days? For example after Niel Symon, an aboriginal story teller, comes to Milly’s school and shares his knowledge and experiences with them they begin to understand his culture and appreciate it. After this, Millie admitted to her school friends that Neil was her uncle, learning that when she stopped trying to belong she realised she, in fact always did belong. This is because her friends were always interested and impressed by her childhood stories and did not act any differently towards her when they found out that it was actually Taree where she grew up and not Brisbane like she had lied to them out of embarrassment before. Her mum was embarrassed of their Aboriginal culture but she definitely didn’t need to be as Millie was always accepted. Milly didn’t understand that it is not the actual landscape that changes, it is her attitudes and acceptance of it that changes and no the place itself. Millie’s mum has a biased view of the world and this is what shaped Millie’s lack of understanding about who she was. Millie’s mum would use short sentences to say things to her like â€Å"thats the past Milly. I wish you would stop harping on about it. Forget those places. Thats the past. Its dead. We live here now. Were new people now†. Unlike Romulus, Milly lost her moral compass and was constantly asking questions like â€Å"who am i? † and â€Å"who is it that I am allowed to be? † which shows her interest in exploring her past and also her lack of understanding to her background. When she realises she knows Neil Symon, she acknowledges that they are in fact family and accepts that she is from an aboriginal culture by proudly telling her friends about it. Words containing negative connotations are replaced by the positive where she describes Taree as the lovely country town that she used to love so much which shows her acceptance and appreciation of where she once belonged. Just like I understand that although Grays Point has 1 way in and 1 way out and people call it a hole, It is the lovely suburb that I have grown up in. Her ability to associate with Neil came as a result of their shared connection with the landscape. Whenever Neil spoke about the aboriginal dreamtime of his ancestors, memories came flooding back to Milly. However, In Romulus, the gentle European landscape is juxtaposed with the severity of the Australian one. He was always trying to find new ways to belong in Australia. He would seek other Romanians in an attempt to connect through language and culture. This shows that the need to belong to a group or a community shapes our behaviour, attitudes and actions. These themes also reappear in Up Taree Way, for example Millie’s mum wanted to hide the fact that they were from Taree and had an Aboriginal heritage because she was afraid that people in society including her new boyfriend or Millie’s school peers would not accept them. This is seen through the metaphor â€Å"The dreamtime had turned into her nightmare†. Her strategy to belong was to forget all about her aboriginal past and focus completely on making a new connection with the city. She tries to convince Milly to do the same and move on just like Romulus had convinced Raimond that the European landscape was better that that of Australia. Just like i could convince you that Grays Point is the best suburb in the shire. When the characters experience a strong connection to a place, the notion of belonging is strengthened and enriched. Therefore, understanding our past and accepting these identities can strengthen our sense of belonging, even if sometimes we have to disagree with the people we belong to. Throughout the study of Romulus My Father and Up Taree way we have learnt that relationships with people, places and past identities can grow through understanding and acceptance. The pathway to understanding and acceptance in these texts is very complex as we have seen characters like Romulus lose the will to live whilst other characters like Millie and her mum and also Raimond learn to understand their past and let it be a part of who they will become. This allows them to grow as people because they get a better sense of who they are, expanded knowledge of the world around them and deeper relationships with people and places can be developed. We belong when we ultimately feel connected to others and the world, so â€Å"until you accept who you really are you can never belong to yourself, and until you belong to yourself it is impossible to belong to anybody else†, proving that by understanding our inner selves, individuals are able to belong harmoniously in the world where they can mature and grow as people.

Event planning business plan

Event planning business plan Company Summary Occasions will be a small business designed to meet the needs of the ever changing social world. Jalandhar, Punjab is the current home with plans to expand to branch offices within four years. Occasions staffs of four, with numerous contract vendors, plans events, write event-planning products, and trains area students in the art of event planning. Occasions will be invested in the community it resides in. Occasions are, in part, the answer to demands of the social world, on the working family, heavily-burdened office, out-of-town business, or special occasion in need of special recognition. As a business, we understand the needs of public and private organizations. As parents and family members, we understand the needs of setting special time apart from other events in our lives. Occasions strives to accomplish these goals, in Jalandhar and eventually other areas of Punjab. Company Ownership Occasions is established as a sole proprietorship with the intention of selling the business when it is established to one of the employees invested in the vision of event planning. All aspects of the business will be documented to ensure clients can count on the same results every time. It is these documents that will become the basis of ownership. The sole proprietor will use his or her name as the guarantor of each service. Therefore, the sole proprietor must embody the vision and mission of Occasions. Company Locations and Facilities Occasions will be located inside the city limits of Jalandhar, Punjab. It will be a home-based business. Most meetings with clients will be conducted in social settings, such as restaurants, coffee houses, the clients home, facilities wishing to be used for the event, or over the phone. Although the demand has not yet reached its peak, Occasions will eventually move from its home base into a small office complex, also within the city limits of Jalandhar, Punjab. When the company has reached its finished point, Occasions will have branch offices in Amritsar, and Ludhiana also. The company will maintain a high degree of professionalism. All offices will be equipped with the latest in business technology, such as telephone systems, computers, fax machines, email, duplicators, printers, and software. Each location will have a secure storage area for supplies and equipment used in events, such as walkie-talkies, cellular phones, portable fax machines, and laptops. MARKETING PLAN Situation Analysis: Occasions is entering their first year of business. Marketing will be critical to develop sufficient business to achieve profitability. The company offers high quality event planning for family functions. The basic market need is for a competent service provider offering high quality event planning at a price that is cost effective relative to a company trying to plan the events themselves. Market Summary: Occasions possesses good information regarding its typical customer. This includes customer needs, the general circumstances from which the needs arise, and the difficulties the customer would face if they tried to satisfy these needs themselves. This information will be leveraged to better understand who is served, individual customers specific needs, better communication channels, and how Occasions can satisfy those needs. Market Demographics: The profile for Occasions typical customer consists of the following geographic, demographic, and behaviour factors: Geographic: Ã ¼ The immediate geographic target is the city of Jalandar. Ã ¼ The entire area is in need of event planning services. Ã ¼ The total targeted population is middle class and upper middle class families, couples and individuals. Demographics: Ã ¼ Nuclear as well as Joint Families. Ã ¼ Typically the company has one main office; however some of the customers will have offices diffused into several locations. Ã ¼ For corporate event plannings, 95% of the customers will be manufacturers and designers. Behaviour Factors: Ã ¼ The potential customers are trying to decrease their workload by outsourcing activities that are not imperative to the day-to-day busy schedule. Ã ¼ Such families like to get the events planned from some professionals because of the lack of knowledge about the market like availability of caterers, etc. Market Needs: Occasions is providing its customers with a high quality event planning services. Occasions seeks to fulfil the following benefits that are important to their customers: Ã ¼ Competitive pricing the pricing scheme must be competitive to offer an incentive for the customer to outsource these services. Ã ¼ Customer service the customer must get the sense that all of their needs are being met, regardless how small or inconsequential it may seem. SWOT Analysis: The following SWOT analysis captures the key strengths and weaknesses within the company, and describes the opportunities and threats. Strengths: Ã ¼ Superior, specialized service offerings. Ã ¼ Well-trained, enthusiastic employees. Ã ¼ Strong relationships with complementary service providers. Weaknesses: Ã ¼ The concentration of a small niche of the market that will limit the potential size of the market. Ã ¼ The difficulty of generating awareness and visibility of the company in its first few years of operation. Ã ¼ The inability to rapidly scale to meet large, unexpected increases in demand. Opportunities: Ã ¼ Growing markets of families that outsource event planning activities. Ã ¼ Being a rare service provider concentrating on this specific niche. Ã ¼ Relatively low overhead. Threats: Ã ¼ A slump in the economy that could have a ripple effect on service providers. Ã ¼ Future competition from existing service providers competing in different but complimentary market spaces. Ã ¼ The inability to find qualified, high quality employees. COMPETITORS: The competitors of our business in Jalandhar are: Ø Pho Com Net Pvt. Ltd: This Company is basically based in Kolkata and provides event planning activities in Jalandhar as well. The company is only popular among the upper class families because of high costs that it charges and does not target the segments of middle class families. Ø Deep Wedding Planner And Event Management Com: This company basically deals in wedding planning found in Jalandhar. Ø Shamsheer Communications Pvt. Ltd: This Company is an event management company and it deals in media consultants services. Ø Canvas: This Company is an event planning as well as magazine advertising agency. Marketing Strategy: OCCASIONS will offer a superior service at a lower cost due to specialization. By concentrating on a few specific services, OCCASIONS will become proficient at these services and perform the services better than someone without the same level of expertise. OCCASIONS will increase company visibility through a website, networking, and participation in trade shows. The website will be quite detailed and provide a visitor in-depth information about the services OCCASIONS offers, the corresponding high level of quality, and the cost savings that can be achieved by using OCCASIONS. Marketing Objectives: Ã ¼ Increase repeat customers by 10% per quarter. Ã ¼ Decrease customer acquisition costs by 8% per year. Ã ¼ Generate increased awareness of services offered, quantified by a 2% quarterly increase of unsolicited service requests. Financial Objectives: Ã ¼ Profitability by year three. Ã ¼ Maintain steady, monthly growth. The following sections describe the market segmentation, strategies, and industry analysis. Market Segmentation: The breakdown of the market for event planning falls in a wide, very diverse grouping. Individuals as well as organizations demand the services we provide. In order to provide the greatest depth of information, the market segments have been broken down into private and public organizations, and age groups. Private Organizations and Businesses: Private organizations make up the single largest portion of Occasions client base. Private organizations such as businesses, corporations, and political parties host the most events on the largest scales; therefore, these events generate larger revenues per event. The majority of larger scale holiday functions will fall under this segment. Public Organizations: Government agencies host many events every year. Occasions hopes to alleviate the pressure of event planning for public employees. The second single largest segment, the public sector, can save money and give back to its community at the same time. These events are moderate in scale with middle to low revenues generated. Emphasis is placed on the visibility of the event for public viewing. The majority of organizational family functions will fall under this segment. Age Breakdowns: Under 24: Persons under the age of twenty-four (24) using an event planner are rare at best. We hope to tap the early college graduates who have begun their professional careers but have not yet started their families. These events will focus mainly on themes with moderate to high energy appeal. The revenues generated will range from moderate to high, depending on the event. The majority of weddings will fall into this segment. Ages 25-55: The persons that fall into this age group are employed, middle to upper-middle class families. The reason they choose event planners is they are too busy to do it themselves. Therefore, Occasions will be on hand for questions, contact will be moderate in length but occur regularly so as not to disturb the daily life of the families. These events will generate moderate revenues, with a few generating low revenues. The majority of special occasion planning will occur in this market segment. Ages 56 and above: Persons over the age of 55 have reached the turning point of life. Many are retiring, others are celebrating anniversaries of significant years, and still others are seeing that their childrens special events are taken care of. These events will generate moderate to high revenues depending upon the income level of the family (direct correlation to social status). Most holiday parties, and other special occasions, such as wedding receptions and reunions, will occur in this market segment. Target Market Segment Strategy: Our target markets are middle to upper-middle class families, couples, individuals, or private and public organizations. We chose these groups because they are most able to afford event planners, and have the least amount of time to spare for event planning in general. Families demand attention, employees are overburdened, and overwhelming detail needed to plan large events are too large a constraint to place on people not trained in the area of event planning. The fast pace of the world we live in leaves little time for extra things we would like to do, like plan events, parties, and social get-togethers. Occasions fills the need by being available to take on the burden of planning so that people can spend time on more important things, like family and friends. The demand for this service can only increase considering the rise in incomes, population, and need for interpersonal relations in the workplace. Marketing Mix: OCCCASIONS marketing mix is comprised of the following approaches to pricing, distribution, advertising and promotion, and customer service. Ã ¼ Pricing the pricing scheme will be based on a per project estimate tailored to each customer. Ã ¼ Distribution Occasions services can be performed throughout the Jalandhar regional area, determined by the needs of the customer. Ã ¼ Advertising and Promotion several forms of advertising and promotion will be used including a website, and participation at various tradeshows. Ã ¼ Customer Service the Company goes about the day-to-day operations with the belief that 100% customer satisfaction is required in order to make the business a success. All levels of the organization will be taught this and practice it. Sales Forecast: OCCASIONS will, for the most part, be using the sale strategy of personal selling. The members of the company will be building additional relationships with their network of friends generated through social groups and trade shows. The cost savings can be quantified and shown to the customer while the higher level of service can be guaranteed as well as communicated through testimonials from satisfied clients. The website will be utilized as a powerful communications tool, supplying introductory information to prospective customers, providing an avenue for questions and answers, as well as presenting more specialized information such as cost estimates and event proposals. The first month will be spent setting up the office. It is unlikely that there will be any sales activity within the first two months. During the first and second month, the company will be developing some systems to provide a template for future event planning. Once this is set up Occasions will be able to process customer service requests rather easily. The third month will see some sales activity trickle. It will not be until the fifth month that things will really kick in. During months six through 12 sales will steadily increase, and this increase should continue well into year two. Sales Strategy: Occasions will deal with a diverse market of clients. Within each market segment, closing of sales will differ. Each approach is described as follows: Private and Public Organizations: Sales will be concluded one to two days after the end of the event. A follow-up phone call will be placed informing the client of the total cost, number of attendees, and information about the billing packet that will arrive at their offices. Feedback forms will be included in these packets to ensure the client is being served as they deem appropriate. Form letter thank-you will be sent following each event. Individuals: Sales will be concluded with a follow-up phone call one to two days after the event. The phone call will explain the total cost of the event, number of attendees, and information concerning the billing. Individual parties of any age group are placed on a billing cycle. Invoices will be sent out the 25th of the month and will be due the 10th of the following month. Feedback forms will be included in these packets to ensure the client is being served as they deem appropriate. Thank-you cards will follow each individual event. Products and Services: Although Occasions is primarily a service business, we also offer products to aid our customers in planning the event themselves. The following products are tools used inside our operation for the best possible results: Party Pack: The Party Pack is a complete kit for any party. It includes decorations, lighting effects guide, disposable theme cameras, cutlery, plates, napkins, cups, punch mix (or recipe), snack supplies (or recipe), tablecloths, theme music (where applicable), invitations, thank-you cards, and a step-by-step guide to planning, putting together, and hosting the event. Step-by-Step Guides: These booklets include a calendar to map out the event, a step-by-step guide on what is needed for and how to put together a successful, worry-free event, resource information, popular refreshments with recipes, games, and tips to put their event in the record books. The events available include birthdays for all ages, meetings, retreats, parties, vacations, and special occasion celebrations such as graduations, holidays, showers, weddings, and receptions. Resources Manual: This valuable guide acts as a review for all the resources located in the surrounding area. A ranking is given to the various services, such as caterers, decorators, disc jockeys, bands, and facilities. This manual gives the client the freedom of making a choice based on experience. OPERATIONAL PLAN Company Locations and Facilities Occasions will be located inside the city limits of Jalandhar, Punjab. It will be a home-based business. Most meetings with clients will be conducted in social settings, such as restaurants, coffee houses, the clients home, facilities wishing to be used for the event, or over the phone. Occasions will eventually move from its home base into a small office complex, also within the city limits of Jalandhar, Punjab. When the company will have reached its finished point, Occasions will have branch offices in Jalandhar, Ludhiana, and Amritsar, and then the operations will be extended to other states in the country as well. The company will maintain a high degree of professionalism. All offices will be equipped with the latest in business technology, such as telephone systems, computers, fax machines, email, duplicators, printers, and software. Each location will have a secure storage area for supplies and equipment used in events, such as walkie-talkies, cellular phones, portable fax machines, and laptops. Services provided by the company Although Occasions is primarily a service business, we will offer products to aid our customers in planning the event themselves. The following products will be the tools used inside our operation for the best possible results: Party Pack The Party Pack is a complete kit for any party. It includes decorations, lighting effects guide, disposable theme cameras, cutlery, plates, napkins, cups, punch mix (or recipe), snack supplies (or recipe), tablecloths, theme music (where applicable), invitations, thank-you cards, and a step-by-step guide to planning, putting together, and hosting the event. Step-by-Step Guides These booklets include a calendar to map out the event, a step-by-step guide on what is needed for and how to put together a successful, worry-free event, resource information, popular refreshments with recipes, games, and tips to put their event in the record books. The events available include birthdays for all ages, meetings, retreats, parties, vacations, and special occasion celebrations such as graduations, holidays, showers, weddings, and receptions. Event Planning Software This cutting-edge tool will allow the client all the resources and visual aids for their event planning. They will be able to play with decoration themes, listen to theme music, design invitations, thank-you cards, and RSVP cards, use the interactive planning calendar, and much more. This software will bring their event into the millennium with cutting edge technology that is designed to save time and money. Resources Manual This valuable guide acts as a review for all the resources located in the surrounding area. A ranking is given to the various services, such as caterers, decorators, disc jockeys, bands, and facilities. This manual gives the client the freedom of making a choice based on experience. Free Event Planners Training for High School and College Students It will be our mission to support our community. Ten hours each month will be devoted to training area students in event planning. This will aid them in planning proms, graduation parties, river clean-ups, homecoming, and other important events. This will be a priority of Occasions. It will not be cut back as the business grows. Occasions will provide event planning in a wide range of applications. We guarantee satisfaction in the areas of appearance, performance, and taste. The following is a sampling of the types of events we plan every year: * Meetings, Trainings, and Retreats. * Conferences and Workshops. * Birthdays, Anniversaries, Graduations and Holidays. * Weddings, Receptions, and Showers. * Company picnics, banquets, and award ceremonies. Employees in the company The management team within Occasions will be small in the beginning. The primary employees will be the founders i.e our group members, who will plan events, then contract with caterers, decorators, disc jockeys, and bands to fill out the event. One of the group member will act as a contract labor site manager to work the events as a liaison and vendor coordinator. Thus, there will be four main employees as we are four number of people in the group.. When Occasions will reach its expansion goals, each office will have one to two event planners, an office assistant, two to three site managers for the events, and a product and marketing specialist. This team will function as one with constant communication through weekly staff meetings, email, and message boards. All jobs are interrelated. The performance of one effects the performance of the others; therefore, each team member expects nothing but the best from each other. As it functions currently, we see no gaps in the management of this organization. Should Occasions grow beyond its estimated size, more positions in specialized areas will need to be added as well as additional site support and office assistance. To fill these positions, Occasions will look for energetic, teachable, detail-oriented persons who want the potential to grow and improve their skills within the organization. Occasions want to be the best; therefore, they will hire those who want to succeed. MANAGEMENT SUMMARY: Organizational Structure The management team within Occasions will be small in the beginning. The primary employees will be the founders, i.e four members of our group who will plan events, then contract with caterers, decorators, disc jockeys, and bands to fill out the event. A contract labor site manager will be on hand to work the events as a liaison and vendor coordinator. Thus, there will be five main employees with various levels of vendors. When Occasions reaches its expansion goals, each office will have one to two event planners, an office assistant, two to three site managers for the events, and a product and marketing specialist. This team will function as one with constant communication through weekly staff meetings, email, and message boards. All jobs are interrelated. The performance of one effects the performance of the others; therefore, each team member expects nothing but the best from each other. As it functions currently, we see no gaps in the management of this organization. Should Occasions grow beyond its estimated size, more positions in specialized areas will need to be added as well as additional site support and office assistance. To fill these positions, Occasions is looking for energetic, teachable, detail-oriented persons who want the potential to grow and improve their skills within the organization. Occasions wants to be the best; therefore, we will hire those who want to succeed. Financial Plan Service-based business requires funds to start up and, as they grow and expand, less funds to maintain. The charts and graphs that follow will show that investment up front allows Occasions to function debt-free with little overhead. This gives Occasions aquickerbreak-even point and increased profit margins from the start. As Occasions grows, the debt-free philosophy will be maintained until it is impossible to function during growth periods without financial assistance. OCCASIONS WEAK MONTH YEAR MARRIAGES 1 4 48 BIRTHDAYS, ANNINERSARIES, ETC 2 8 96 BUSINESS MEETINGS 1 4 48 SALES OR REVENUE FOR THE YEAR MARRIAGES = 1*50000*48=RS.2400000/- BIRTHDAYS = 1*25000*96=RS.2400000/- MEETINGS = 1*15000*48=RS.720000/- TOTAL REVENUE/SALES = RS.5520000/- CAPITAL INTRODUCED = 4*150000=RS.600000/- LAND OWNED RENOVATION RS. 300000/- EXPENSES: ELECTRICITY CHARGES RS. 60000/- TELEPHONE CHARGES RS. 14400/- REFRESHMENT CHARGES RS. 36000/- TRAVELLING CHARGES RS. 60000/- STAFF 2*6000=12000*12=RS.144000/- 2*12000=24000*12=RS.288000/- MIS. CHARGES RS. 54000/- ASSETS PURCHASED: COMPUTER 2*20000=RS.40000/- AIR CONDITIONER 2*25000=RS.50000/- FURNITURE AND FITTINGS RS.50000/- Key Financial Indicators The break-even point for Occasions is based on the assumption that we will produce 16 events per month and average approximately RS.15000/- per event. Currently, we average more than this assumption for our public and private organization events. The break-even point will appear more rapidly for Occasions than for other types of home-based businesses. Break even Analysis: Break even unit: 2 Monthly Units 16 Monthly Sales RS.46000/- Assumptions: Per-Unit Revenue 28750 Monthly Variable Cost 45200 Monthly Fixed Cost 14500 Leading the industry in event planning requires the use of the resources available at the lowest cost. As noted in the table, we spend less money on overhead than other event planners with an outside office or office space in their own facility. This savings allows us to market in creative ways and spend funds on expansion into other areas, when the time is right. PROJECTED PROFIT AND LOSS ACCOUNT SALES 5520000 EXPENSES: ELECTRICITY CHARGES 60000 TELEPHONE CHARGES 14400 REFRESHMENT CHARGES 36000 STAFF SALARY 432000 ADVERTISE MENT 60000 TRAVELLING CHARGES 60000 MISCELLANEOUS 54000 TOTAL OPERATING EXP. RS.716400/- PROFIT BEFORE INT. AND TAX 5520000-716400=RS. 4803600/- INTEREST NIL TAX (40%) 1921440 NET PROFIT RS.2882160/-